Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is a condition caused by prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and can result in a variety of lifelong physical and/or neurodevelopmental impairments.
Despite growing awareness, many myths and misconceptions persist about FASD that can hinder understanding and support for those affected. In this blog post, we’ll debunk some of the most common myths surrounding FASD to promote better awareness and advocacy.
Myth 1: It’s okay to have a drink or two during pregnancy
While heavy alcohol consumption increases the risk of FASD, even moderate drinking can cause harm to the developing fetus. Individual responses can vary widely, and this can be impacted by the dose, frequency and timing of alcohol consumed during pregnancy, as well as genetic/environmental factors.
The odds of giving birth to a child with FASD increase with the level of PAE. Therefore, the NHMRC guidelines recommend that NO alcohol consumption during pregnancy is the safest option.
Myth 2: Individuals with FASD always have distinct facial features
Research has consistently shown that most people with FASD do not have the sentinel facial features. However, there continues to be a misconception amongst clinicians and the general public that FASD can only be diagnosed when the facial features are present.
FASD is often considered a hidden disability as individuals with FASD may experience a range of difficulties (e.g., learning/memory, attention, executive functions, affect regulation, adaptive functioning, language), which may not always be visible to others, especially in the absence of the facial features.
Myth 3: FASD is a condition that only affects those from a low socio-economic background
FASD can affect anyone regardless of their socioeconomic status. Women from all socioeconomic backgrounds may consume alcohol during pregnancy, and this behaviour is not limited to low-income populations.
Myth 4: FASD is solely an “Indigenous problem”
Labelling FASD as primarily an Indigenous problem can perpetuate stigma and stereotypes, overshadowing the broader public health issue. It is important to recognise that anyone who consumes alcohol during pregnancy can put their child at risk. FASD is a complex issue that transcends ethnic and cultural boundaries. It should be approached as a widespread public health concern rather than attributing it to any single group.
Myth 5: Why bother with a diagnosis if there is no cure?
Receiving a diagnosis can provide clarity for both individuals and their families. It also helps explain the challenges they face, validate their experiences and feelings, and reduce their sense of isolation. A formal diagnosis often opens doors to various support services, including educational resources, therapy, and community programs tailored to the unique needs of individuals with FASD.
If you are interested in finding out about the FASD diagnostic model at Bowyer Psychology, please contact enquiries@bowyerpsychology.com.au
NoFASD Australia has a range of great resources if you would like to learn more about FASD.
Myth 6: FASD is a condition that can be outgrown
FASD is a lifelong disability and is not something that goes away as the person ages. However, with targeted interventions and wrap-around support, individuals with FASD can thrive and succeed in life.
Myth 7: Most individuals with FASD are intellectually disabled
It has been shown in various research that individuals with FASD have IQ scores ranging from 20 to 120. The spectrum nature of FASD means that the cognitive and behavioural presentations can vary significantly. Therefore, it is essential to recognise the diversity within FASD and understand that intellectual disability is NOT a universal characteristic of this condition.
Myth 8: It is impossible to diagnose FASD in adults
Some have argued that the facial features suggestive of FASD are outgrown in adults; therefore, it is impossible to diagnose FASD. However, the real challenge of diagnosing FASD in adults is the lack of information on PAE, given the amount of time that has passed.
A diagnosis of FASD can still be made if there is evidence (e.g., maternal health records, birth records, allied health reports, child protection/justice system records) to support that the person has been exposed to alcohol prenatally.
Myth 9: Individuals with FASD are being intentionally “naughty” or rebellious
The challenging behaviour that we often see in individuals with FASD likely stems from the neurological and neurodevelopmental challenges associated with PAE rather than intentional wrongdoing.
Many individuals with FASD struggle with impulse control, emotional regulation, and social skills due to brain-based differences caused by prenatal alcohol exposure. These challenges can lead to behaviours that may be misinterpreted as rebelliousness. Instead of wilful defiance, these actions are often responses to frustration, confusion, or an inability to fully understand the social cues and/or expectations. Recognising this distinction is crucial for providing appropriate support and interventions.
Myth 10: Traditional psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioural therapy, is effective for individuals with FASD
Given the brain-based impairments observed in individuals with FASD, traditional modalities of interventions such as CBT may not necessarily be appropriate in this clinical population. A recent systematic review highlighted some evidence indicating that parent-child sessions that target the areas of neurodevelopmental impairment are promising in alleviating the negative consequences of PAE and relieving daily burdens.
If you are interested in finding out about our individualised interventions for individuals with FASD, please contact enquiries@bowyerpsychology.com.au
