Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or ADHD for short is a neurodevelopmental disorder diagnosable under the DSM-IV. It is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in childhood. There are 3 main presentations of ADHD, with classifications of either inattention; hyperactive-impulsive; or a combination of the two.
Historically, ADHD has more commonly been diagnosed in males, with the diagnostic criteria and understanding of ADHD mainly underpinned by observations of boys. It is now more widely recognised that a number of girls and women have ADHD.
According to research, the ratio of boys to girls diagnosed in childhood is 3:1; however, by adulthood the ratio is closer to 1:1. This suggests that girls and women are being under-diagnosed in childhood.
How does ADHD present?
It is often the case that ADHD presents differently between males and females.
Boys and men are more commonly diagnosed with ADHD- Hyperactivity/ Impulsivity- exhibiting symptoms such as hyperactivity, impulsivity and aggressive behaviours. Such behaviours are often disruptive, particularly in a classroom setting, which is why boys are more commonly referred for evaluation and treatment of ADHD.
In comparison, women and girls are less likely to present hyperactive behaviour and tend to be diagnosed with ADHD-Inattentive. Some of the common symptoms of inattention in girls and women include:
- Forgetfulness
- Low arousal
- Daydreaming and disorganisation
Hyperactivity symptoms in girls and women is often seen as less socially acceptable; or does not present to others as ADHD, like talking excessively; high arousal; fidgeting; internal restlessness; and emotional reactivity.
Furthermore, impulsivity amongst girls and women can present as interruption of others; saying what comes to mind; acting on impulses; or suddenly altering directions in life. Such symptoms can often be misinterpreted as emotional difficulties, disciplinary problems, or learning/attention difficulties.
It is often the case that women and girls who present with more externalised symptoms are more commonly referred for treatment. It is suggested this is because these behaviours are misaligned with societal norms for females and are more easily recognised.
Diagnosing ADHD in women
Whilst most often women and girls present symptoms in childhood, a large proportion will not be diagnosed until adulthood.
At Bowyer Psychology, we have Clinical Neuropsychologists available who can conduct a comprehensive ADHD assessment; and provide scaffolding strategies and interventions to help with ADHD. If you think there are symptoms to explore, submit an enquiry or email/call our friendly administration team!
